Population Council Research that makes a difference

Studies in Family Planning

March 2013, Vol. 44, No. 1 (Full article access available to subscribers)

Articles

• Gender Attitudes and Fertility Aspirations among Young Men in Five High Fertility East African Countries / Rachel C. Snow, Rebecca A. Winter, and Siobán D. Harlow
  
  The relationship between women's attitudes toward gender equality and their fertility aspirations has been researched extensively, but few studies have explored the same associations among men. Using recent Demographic and Health Survey data from five high fertility East African countries, we examine the association between young men's gender attitudes and their ideal family size. Whereas several DHS gender attitude responses were associated with fertility aspirations in select countries, men's greater tolerance of wife beating was consistently associated with higher fertility aspirations across all countries, independent of education, income, or religion. Our findings highlight the overlapping values of male authority within marriage and aspirations for large families among young adult males in East Africa. Total lifetime fertility in East Africa remains among the highest worldwide: thus, governments in the region seeking to reduce fertility may need to explicitly scrutinize and address the reproduction of prevailing masculine values. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 1–24) (offsite link)
  
  
• The Need to Reemphasize Behavior Change for HIV Prevention in Uganda: A Qualitative Study / Edward C. Green, Phoebe Kajubi, Allison Ruark, Sarah Kamya, Nicole D'Errico, and Norman Hearst
  
  Uganda has long been considered an AIDS success story, although in recent years declines in prevalence and incidence appear to have stalled or even reversed. During the early stages of Uganda's AIDS prevention program, health messages emphasized behavior change, especially fidelity. Ugandans were made to fear AIDS and feel personally at risk of dying from a new, poorly understood disease. In this research, six focus group discussions with 64 participants in peri-urban and rural areas outside Kampala suggest that HIV prevention messages have shifted in the direction of risk reduction: condoms, testing, and drugs. Ugandans now seem less afraid of becoming infected with HIV, at least in part because antiretroviral therapy is available, and this diminished fear may be having a disinhibiting effect on sexual behavior. Participants believe that HIV rates are on the rise, that more individuals are engaged in multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships, and that sexual behavior is less restrained than a generation ago. These findings suggest that AIDS-prevention programs in Uganda would benefit from refocusing on the content that yielded success previously—sexual behavior change strategies. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 25–43) (offsite link)
  
  
• Contraceptive Use, Birth Spacing, and Child Survival in Matlab, Bangladesh / Unnati Rani Saha and Arthur van Soest
  
  

  To reduce infant mortality through improved family planning, a better understanding of the factors driving contraceptive use and how this decision affects infant survival is needed. Using dynamic panel-data models of infant deaths, birth intervals, and contraceptive use, this study analyzes the causal effects of birth spacing on subsequent infant mortality and of infant mortality on the use of contraceptives and the length of the next birth interval. Data are drawn from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Matlab, Bangladesh, where almost 32,000 births have been observed from 1982 to 2005. Our main finding is that complete contraceptive use could reduce infant mortality of birth order two and higher by 7.9 percent. The net effect of complete contraceptive use on the total infant mortality rate is small (2.9 percent), however, because the favorable effect on higher order births is partly offset by the rise in the proportion of high-risk first births. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 45–66) (offsite link)

• The Influence of Neighbors' Family Size Preference on Progression to High Parity Births in Rural Nepal / Elyse A. Jennings and Jennifer S. Barber
  
  Large families can have a negative impact on the health and well-being of women, children, and their communities. Seventy-three percent of the individuals in our rural Nepalese sample report that two children is their ideal number, yet about half of the married women continue childbearing after their second child. Using longitudinal data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study, we explore the influence of women's and neighbors' family size preferences on women's progression to high parity births, comparing this influence across two cohorts. We find that neighbors' family size preferences influence women's fertility, that older cohorts of women are more influenced by their neighbors' preferences than are younger cohorts of women, and that the influence of neighbors' preferences is independent of women's own preferences. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 67–84) (offsite link)
  
  
• Lesson from the Recent Rise in Use of Female Sterilization in Malawi / Roy Jacobstein
  
  Although female sterilization is the most widely used modern contraceptive method in the world, most family planning programs in Africa have had difficulty providing it. Malawi, however, despite daunting constraints, has made female sterilization widely and equitably accessible, thereby increasing method choice and helping its citizens better meet their reproductive intentions. Ten percent of currently married Malawian women of reproductive age rely on female sterilization for contraceptive protection, compared with less than 2 percent across Africa, and demand to limit births now exceeds demand to space births. Malawi’s female sterilization prevalence surpasses that of some high-resource countries. Key service-delivery factors enabling this achievement include supportive policies, strong public–private partnerships, and mobile services delivered at no cost by dedicated providers. Challenges remain, but Malawi's achievement offers lessons for other countries with low availability of female sterilization and similar resource constraints. (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 85–95) (offsite link)
  
  

Data (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 97–116)

• Burkina Faso 2010: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (offsite link)
• Burundi 2010: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey (offsite link)

Book Review (Studies in Family Planning 2013; 44[1]: 117–122)

• World Population Policies: Their Origin, Evolution, and Impact / John F. May
  Reviewed by Stan Bernstein (offsite link)
  
  
  

To read abstracts or search contents of previous volumes, visit Wiley Online Library (volumes 30–43, 1999–2012) or JSTOR (volumes 1–40, 1963–2009).

 

Studies in Family Planning

Cumulative Index
Volumes 22–42, 1991–2011

A cumulative index to SFP is available in a PDF file. The PDF file includes a list of contents by author and subject.

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To search contents of previous volumes, visit Wiley Online Library (volumes 30–42, 1999–2011) or JSTOR (volumes 1–41, 1963–2010).

 

Studies in Family Planning

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Studies in Family Planning

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Studies in Family Planning
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